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Linked Discourses 12.20 – Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.20
2. Fuel – 2. Āhāravagga
SN 12.20 Conditions – Paccayasutta
At Sāvatthī.
Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati.
“Bhikkhū, I will teach you dependent origination and dependently originated phenomena.
“Paṭiccasamuppādañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi paṭiccasamuppanne ca dhamme.
Listen and pay close attention, I will speak.”
Taṁ suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.
“Yes, sir,” they replied.
“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.
The Buddha said this:
Bhagavā etadavoca:
“And what is dependent origination?
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo?
Rebirth is a condition for old age and death.
Jātipaccayā, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ.
Whether Realized Ones arise or not, this law of nature persists, this regularity of natural principles, this invariance of natural principles, specific conditionality.
Uppādā vā tathāgatānaṁ anuppādā vā tathāgatānaṁ, ṭhitāva sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhitatā dhammaniyāmatā idappaccayatā.
A Realized One understands this and comprehends it,
Taṁ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti.
then he explains, teaches, asserts, establishes, clarifies, analyzes, and reveals it.
Abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññāpeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti.
‘Look,’ he says,
‘Passathā’ti cāha:
‘Rebirth is a condition for old age and death.’
‘jātipaccayā, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ’.
Continued existence is a condition for rebirth …
Bhavapaccayā, bhikkhave, jāti …pe…
Grasping is a condition for continued existence …
upādānapaccayā, bhikkhave, bhavo …
Craving is a condition for grasping …
taṇhāpaccayā, bhikkhave, upādānaṁ …
Feeling is a condition for craving …
vedanāpaccayā, bhikkhave, taṇhā …
Contact is a condition for feeling …
phassapaccayā, bhikkhave, vedanā …
The six sense fields are a condition for contact …
saḷāyatanapaccayā, bhikkhave, phasso …
Name and form are conditions for the six sense fields …
nāmarūpapaccayā, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṁ …
Consciousness is a condition for name and form …
viññāṇapaccayā, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṁ …
Saṅkhāra are a condition for consciousness …
saṅkhārapaccayā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṁ …
Ignorance is a condition for saṅkhāra.
avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā
Whether Realized Ones arise or not, this law of nature persists, this regularity of natural principles, this invariance of natural principles, specific conditionality.
uppādā vā tathāgatānaṁ anuppādā vā tathāgatānaṁ, ṭhitāva sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhitatā dhammaniyāmatā idappaccayatā.
A Realized One understands this and comprehends it,
Taṁ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti.
then he explains, teaches, asserts, establishes, clarifies, analyzes, and reveals it.
Abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññāpeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti.
‘Look,’ he says,
‘Passathā’ti cāha:
‘Ignorance is a condition for saṅkhāra.’
‘avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā’.
So the fact that this is real, not unreal, not otherwise; the specific conditionality of it:
Iti kho, bhikkhave, yā tatra tathatā avitathatā anaññathatā idappaccayatā—
this is called dependent origination.
ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo.
And what are the dependently originated phenomena?
Katame ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppannā dhammā?
Old age and death are anicca, conditioned, dependently originated, liable to end, vanish, fade away, and cease.
Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, aniccaṁ saṅkhataṁ paṭiccasamuppannaṁ khayadhammaṁ vayadhammaṁ virāgadhammaṁ nirodhadhammaṁ.
Rebirth …
Jāti, bhikkhave, aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā.
Continued existence …
Bhavo, bhikkhave, anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno khayadhammo vayadhammo virāgadhammo nirodhadhammo.
Grasping …
Upādānaṁ bhikkhave …pe…
Craving …
taṇhā, bhikkhave …
Feeling …
vedanā, bhikkhave …
Contact …
phasso, bhikkhave …
The six sense fields …
saḷāyatanaṁ, bhikkhave …
Name and form …
nāmarūpaṁ, bhikkhave …
Consciousness …
viññāṇaṁ, bhikkhave …
Saṅkhāra …
saṅkhārā, bhikkhave …
Ignorance is anicca, conditioned, dependently originated, liable to end, vanish, fade away, and cease.
avijjā, bhikkhave, aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā.
These are called the dependently originated phenomena.
Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppannā dhammā.
When a noble disciple has clearly seen with right wisdom this dependent origination and these dependently originated phenomena as they are, it’s impossible for them to turn back to the past, thinking:
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa ‘ayañca paṭiccasamuppādo, ime ca paṭiccasamuppannā dhammā’ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, so vata pubbantaṁ vā paṭidhāvissati:
‘Did I exist in the past? Did I not exist in the past? What was I in the past? How was I in the past? After being what, what did I become in the past?’
‘ahosiṁ nu kho ahaṁ atītamaddhānaṁ, nanu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ, kiṁ nu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ, kathaṁ nu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ, kiṁ hutvā kiṁ ahosiṁ nu kho ahaṁ atītamaddhānan’ti;
Or to turn forward to the future, thinking:
aparantaṁ vā upadhāvissati:
‘Will I exist in the future? Will I not exist in the future? What will I be in the future? How will I be in the future? After being what, what will I become in the future?’
‘bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṁ anāgatamaddhānaṁ, nanu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ, kiṁ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ, kathaṁ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ, kiṁ hutvā kiṁ bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṁ anāgatamaddhānan’ti;
Or to be undecided about the present, thinking:
etarahi vā paccuppannaṁ addhānaṁ ajjhattaṁ kathaṅkathī bhavissati:
‘Am I? Am I not? What am I? How am I? This sentient being—where did it come from? And where will it go?’
‘ahaṁ nu khosmi, no nu khosmi, kiṁ nu khosmi, kathaṁ nu khosmi, ayaṁ nu kho satto kuto āgato, so kuhiṁ gamissatī’ti—
netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.
Why is that?
Taṁ kissa hetu?
Because that noble disciple has clearly seen with right wisdom this dependent origination and these dependently originated phenomena as they are.”
Tathā hi, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa ayañca paṭiccasamuppādo ime ca paṭiccasamuppannā dhammā yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā”ti.
Dasamaṁ.
Āhāravaggo dutiyo.
Tassuddānaṁ
Āhāraṁ phagguno ceva,
Dve ca samaṇabrāhmaṇā;
Kaccānagotta dhammakathikaṁ,
Acelaṁ timbarukena ca;