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Numbered Discourses 11.17 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 11.17
2. Recollection – 2. Anussativagga
AN 11.17 The Cowherd – Gopālasutta
1.1
“Bhikkhū, a cowherd with eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
“Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.
1.2
What eleven?
Katamehi ekādasahi?
1.3
It’s when a cowherd doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t smoke out pests, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and leaders of the herd.
Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, na titthaṁ jānāti, na pītaṁ jānāti, na vīthiṁ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti, anavasesadohī ca hoti, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.
1.4
A cowherd with these eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.
2.1
In the same way, a bhikkhu with eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.
2.2
What eleven?
Katamehi ekādasahi?
2.3
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t smoke out pests, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, na titthaṁ jānāti, na pītaṁ jānāti, na vīthiṁ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti, anavasesadohī ca hoti, ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.
3.1
And how does a bhikkhu not know form?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti?
3.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t truly understand that all form is the four primary elements, or form derived from the four primary elements.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṁ kiñci rūpaṁ (…) ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.
3.3
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t know form.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti.
4.1
And how is a bhikkhu not skilled in characteristics?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti?
4.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t understand that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.
4.3
That’s how a bhikkhu isn’t skilled in characteristics.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti.
5.1
And how does a bhikkhu not pick out flies’ eggs?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti?
5.2
It’s when a bhikkhu tolerates a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They don’t give it up, get rid of it, eliminate it, and obliterate it.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ … uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …
5.3
They tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen. They don’t give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.
uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṁ gameti.
5.4
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti.
6.1
And how does a bhikkhu not dress wounds?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti?
6.2
When a bhikkhu sees a sight with their eyes, they get caught up in the features and details.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī;
6.3
Since the faculty of sight is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of sight, and they don’t achieve its restraint.
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya na paṭipajjati; na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ nāpajjati.
6.4
When they hear a sound with their ears …
Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …
6.5
When they smell an odor with their nose …
ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …
6.6
When they taste a flavor with their tongue …
jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …
6.7
When they feel a touch with their body …
kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …
6.8
When they know a thought with their mind, they get caught up in the features and details.
manasā dhammaṁ viññāya nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī;
6.9
Since the faculty of the mind is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of the mind, and they don’t achieve its restraint.
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya na paṭipajjati; na rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ nāpajjati.
6.10
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t dress wounds.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti.
7.1
And how does a bhikkhu not smoke out pests?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti?
7.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t teach others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena paresaṁ desetā hoti.
7.3
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t smoke out pests.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṁ kattā hoti.
8.1
And how does a bhikkhu not know the ford?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṁ jānāti?
8.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t from time to time go up to those bhikkhū who are very learned—knowledgeable in the scriptures, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and ask them questions:
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchati na paripañhati:
8.3
‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’
‘idaṁ, bhante, kathaṁ, imassa ko attho’ti?
8.4
Those venerables don’t clarify what is unclear, reveal what is obscure, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.
Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṁ na paṭivinodenti.
8.5
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t know the ford.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṁ jānāti.
9.1
And how does a bhikkhu not know satisfaction?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṁ jānāti?
9.2
It’s when a bhikkhu, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds no inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds no joy connected with the teaching.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne na labhati atthavedaṁ, na labhati dhammavedaṁ, na labhati dhammūpasaṁhitaṁ pāmojjaṁ.
9.3
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t know satisfaction.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṁ jānāti.
10.1
And how does a bhikkhu not know the trail?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṁ jānāti?
10.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t truly understand the noble eightfold path.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṁ aṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.
10.3
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t know the trail.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṁ jānāti.
11.1
And how is a bhikkhu not skilled in pastures?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti?
11.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t truly understand the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.
11.3
That’s how a bhikkhu is not skilled in pastures.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti.
12.1
And how does a bhikkhu milk dry?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti?
12.2
It’s when a bhikkhu is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. But they don’t know moderation in accepting.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṁ saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Tatra bhikkhu mattaṁ na jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya.
12.3
That’s how a bhikkhu milks dry.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti.
13.1
And how does a bhikkhu not show extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti?
13.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t consistently treat senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, tesu na mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca, na mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ … na mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca.
13.3
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t show extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, na te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.
14.1
A bhikkhu with these eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.
15.1
A cowherd with eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.
15.2
What eleven?
Katamehi ekādasahi?
15.3
It’s when a cowherd knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, smokes out pests, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and leaders of the herd.
Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, titthaṁ jānāti, pītaṁ jānāti, vīthiṁ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti—
15.4
A cowherd with these eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.
imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṁ pariharituṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.
16.1
In the same way, a bhikkhu with eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjituṁ.
16.2
What eleven?
Katamehi ekādasahi?
16.3
It’s when a bhikkhu knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, smokes out pests, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṁ kattā hoti, titthaṁ jānāti, pītaṁ jānāti, vīthiṁ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti, ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.
17.1
And how does a bhikkhu know form?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti?
17.2
It’s when a bhikkhu truly understands that all form is the four primary elements, or form derived from the four primary elements.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṁ kiñci rūpaṁ ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
17.3
That’s how a bhikkhu knows form.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti.
18.1
And how is a bhikkhu skilled in characteristics?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti?
18.2
It’s when a bhikkhu understands that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
18.3
That’s how a bhikkhu is skilled in characteristics.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti.
19.1
And how does a bhikkhu pick out flies’ eggs?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti?
19.2
It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen, but gives it up, gets rid of it, eliminates it, and exterminates it. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ … uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.
19.3
That’s how a bhikkhu picks out flies’ eggs.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṁ hāretā hoti.
20.1
And how does a bhikkhu dress wounds?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti?
20.2
When a bhikkhu sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī;
20.3
If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.
20.4
When they hear a sound with their ears …
Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …
20.5
When they smell an odor with their nose …
ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …
20.6
When they taste a flavor with their tongue …
jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …
20.7
When they feel a touch with their body …
kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …
20.8
When they know a thought with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.
manasā dhammaṁ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī;
20.9
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint.
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.
20.10
That’s how a bhikkhu dresses wounds.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṁ paṭicchādetā hoti.
21.1
And how does a bhikkhu smoke out pests?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṁ kattā hoti?
21.2
It’s when a bhikkhu teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena paresaṁ desetā hoti.
21.3
That’s how a bhikkhu smokes out pests.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṁ kattā hoti.
22.1
And how does a bhikkhu know the ford?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṁ jānāti?
22.2
It’s when from time to time a bhikkhu goes up to those bhikkhū who are very learned—knowledgeable in the scriptures, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions:
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati:
22.3
‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’
‘idaṁ, bhante, kathaṁ, imassa ko attho’ti?
22.4
Those venerables clarify what is unclear, reveal what is obscure, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.
Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṁ paṭivinodenti.
22.5
That’s how a bhikkhu knows the ford.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṁ jānāti.
23.1
And how does a bhikkhu know satisfaction?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṁ jānāti?
23.2
It’s when a bhikkhu, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne labhati atthavedaṁ, labhati dhammavedaṁ, labhati dhammūpasaṁhitaṁ pāmojjaṁ.
23.3
That’s how a bhikkhu knows satisfaction.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṁ jānāti.
24.1
And how does a bhikkhu know the trail?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṁ jānāti?
24.2
It’s when a bhikkhu truly understands the noble eightfold path.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṁ aṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
24.3
That’s how a bhikkhu knows the trail.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṁ jānāti.
25.1
And how is a bhikkhu skilled in pastures?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti?
25.2
It’s when a bhikkhu truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
25.3
That’s how a bhikkhu is skilled in pastures.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti.
26.1
And how does a bhikkhu not milk dry?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti?
26.2
It’s when a bhikkhu is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.
26.3
And that bhikkhu knows moderation in accepting.
Tatra bhikkhu mattaṁ jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya.
26.4
That’s how a bhikkhu doesn’t milk dry.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti.
27.1
And how does a bhikkhu show extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti?
27.2
It’s when a bhikkhu consistently treats senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, tesu mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ … mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca.
27.3
That’s how a bhikkhu shows extra respect to senior bhikkhū of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti.
28.1
A bhikkhu with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.”
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjitun”ti.
28.2
Sattamaṁ.