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Numbered Discourses 8.42 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 8.42
5. Sabbath – 5. Uposathavagga
AN 8.42 The Sabbath With Eight Factors, In Detail – Vitthatūposathasutta
1.1
“Bhikkhū, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.
“Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bhikkhave, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.
1.2
And how should it be observed?
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?
1.3
It’s when a noble disciple reflects:
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati:
1.4
‘As long as they live, the perfected ones give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They are scrupulous and kind, and live full of compassion for all living beings.
‘yāvajīvaṁ arahanto pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti.
1.5
I, too, for this day and night will give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. I’ll be scrupulous and kind, and live full of compassion for all living beings.
Ahampajja imañca rattiṁ imañca divasaṁ pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi.
1.6
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.
1.7
This is its first factor. …
Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti …pe….
2.1
‘As long as they live, the perfected ones give up high and luxurious beds. They sleep in a low place, either a small bed or a straw mat.
‘Yāvajīvaṁ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṁ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṁ kappenti—mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā.
2.2
I, too, for this day and night will give up high and luxurious beds. I’ll sleep in a low place, either a small bed or a straw mat.
Ahampajja imañca rattiṁ imañca divasaṁ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṁ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṁ kappemi—mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā.
2.3
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.
2.4
This is its eighth factor.
Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
2.5
The observance of the sabbath with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.
3.1
How much so?
Kīvamahapphalo hoti kīvamahānisaṁso kīvamahājutiko kīvamahāvipphāro?
3.2
Suppose you were to rule as sovereign lord over these sixteen great countries—Aṅga, Magadha, Kāsī, Kosala, Vajjī, Malla, Ceti, Vaṅga, Kuru, Pañcāla, Maccha, Sūrusena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhāra, and Kamboja—full of the seven kinds of precious things.
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yo imesaṁ soḷasannaṁ mahājanapadānaṁ pahūtarattaratanānaṁ issariyādhipaccaṁ rajjaṁ kāreyya, seyyathidaṁ—
3.3
This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the sabbath with its eight factors.
aṅgānaṁ magadhānaṁ kāsīnaṁ kosalānaṁ vajjīnaṁ mallānaṁ cetīnaṁ vaṅgānaṁ kurūnaṁ pañcālānaṁ macchānaṁ sūrasenānaṁ assakānaṁ avantīnaṁ gandhārānaṁ kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ.
3.4
Why is that?
Taṁ kissa hetu?
3.5
Because human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.
Kapaṇaṁ, bhikkhave, mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya.
4.1
Fifty years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods of the Four Great Kings.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
4.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
4.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
4.4
The life span of the Gods of the Four Great Kings is five hundred of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
4.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
4.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
4.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
5.1
A hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods of the Thirty-Three.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni vassasatāni, tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
5.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
5.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
5.4
The life span of the Gods of the Thirty-Three is a thousand of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbaṁ vassasahassaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
5.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty-Three.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
5.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
5.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
6.1
Two hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods of Yama.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni, yāmānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
6.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
6.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
6.4
The life span of the Gods of Yama is two thousand of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni dve vassasahassāni yāmānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
6.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of Yama.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yāmānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
6.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
6.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
7.1
Four hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Joyful Gods.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni cattāri vassasatāni, tusitānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
7.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
7.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
7.4
The life span of the Joyful Gods is four thousand of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni cattāri vassasahassāni tusitānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
7.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Joyful Gods.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tusitānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
7.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
7.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
8.1
Eight hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods Who Love to Create.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni aṭṭha vassasatāni, nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
8.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
8.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
8.4
The life span of the Gods Who Love to Create is eight thousand of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni aṭṭha vassasahassāni nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
8.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Love to Create.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
8.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
8.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
9.1
Sixteen hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.
Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni soḷasa vassasatāni, paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo.
9.2
Thirty such days make up a month.
Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso.
9.3
Twelve such months make up a year.
Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo.
9.4
The life span of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others is sixteen thousand of these divine years.
Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ.
9.5
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.
9.6
This is what I was referring to when I said:
Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ:
9.7
‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāyā’ti.
10.1
You shouldn’t kill living creatures, or steal,
Pāṇaṁ na haññe na cadinnamādiye,
10.2
or lie, or drink alcohol.
Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā;
10.3
Be celibate, refraining from sex,
Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,
10.4
and don’t eat at night, the wrong time.
Rattiṁ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṁ.
11.1
Not wearing garlands or applying perfumes,
Mālaṁ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare,
11.2
you should sleep on a low bed, or a mat on the ground.
Mañce chamāyaṁ va sayetha santhate;
11.3
This is the eight-factored sabbath, they say,
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ,
11.4
explained by the Buddha, who has gone to suffering’s end.
Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṁ.
12.1
The moon and sun are both fair to see,
Cando ca suriyo ca ubho sudassanā,
12.2
radiating as far as they revolve.
Obhāsayaṁ anupariyanti yāvatā;
12.3
Those shining ones in the sky light up the quarters,
Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā,
12.4
dispelling the darkness as they traverse the heavens.
Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.
13.1
All of the wealth that’s found in this realm—
Etasmiṁ yaṁ vijjati antare dhanaṁ,
13.2
pearls, gems, fine beryl too,
Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṁ;
13.3
rose-gold or pure gold,
Siṅgīsuvaṇṇaṁ atha vāpi kañcanaṁ,
13.4
or natural gold dug up by marmots—
Yaṁ jātarūpaṁ haṭakanti vuccati.
14.1
they’re not worth a sixteenth part
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,
14.2
of the sabbath with its eight factors,
Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṁ;
14.3
as starlight cannot rival the moon.
Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.
15.1
So an ethical woman or man,
Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā,
15.2
who has observed the eight-factored sabbath,
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ;
15.3
having made merit whose outcome is happiness,
Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni,
15.4
blameless, they go to a heavenly place.”
Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhānan”ti.
15.5
Dutiyaṁ.