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Numbered Discourses 7.67 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 7.67
7. The Great Chapter – 7. Mahāvagga
AN 7.67 The Simile of the Citadel – Nagaropamasutta
1.1
“Bhikkhū, when a king’s frontier citadel is well provided with seven essentials and gets four kinds of sustenance when needed, without trouble or difficulty,
“Yato kho, bhikkhave, rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṁ hoti, catunnañca āhārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
1.2
it is then called a king’s frontier citadel that cannot be overrun by external foes and enemies.
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ akaraṇīyaṁ bāhirehi paccatthikehi paccāmittehi.
2.1
With what seven essentials is a citadel well provided?
Katamehi sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṁ hoti?
2.2
Firstly, a citadel has a pillar with deep foundations, firmly embedded, imperturbable and unshakable.
Idha, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare esikā hoti gambhīranemā sunikhātā acalā asampavedhī.
2.3
This is the first essential with which a king’s frontier citadel is well provided, to defend those within and repel those outside.
Iminā paṭhamena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
3.1
Furthermore, a citadel has a moat that is deep and wide.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare parikkhā hoti gambhīrā ceva vitthatā ca.
3.2
This is the second essential …
Iminā dutiyena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
4.1
Furthermore, a citadel has a patrol path that is high and wide.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare anupariyāyapatho hoti ucco ceva vitthato ca.
4.2
This is the third essential …
Iminā tatiyena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
5.1
Furthermore, a citadel has stores of many weapons, both projectile and hand-held.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ āvudhaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti salākañceva jevanikañca.
5.2
This is the fourth essential …
Iminā catutthena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
6.1
Furthermore, many kinds of armed forces reside in a citadel, such as
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahubalakāyo paṭivasati, seyyathidaṁ—
6.2
elephant riders, cavalry, charioteers, archers, bannermen, adjutants, food servers, warrior-chiefs, princes, chargers, great warriors, heroes, leather-clad soldiers, and sons of bondservants.
hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā cammayodhino dāsakaputtā.
6.3
This is the fifth essential …
Iminā pañcamena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
7.1
Furthermore, a citadel has a gatekeeper who is astute, competent, and intelligent. He keeps strangers out and lets known people in.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare dovāriko hoti paṇḍito byatto medhāvī aññātānaṁ nivāretā ñātānaṁ pavesetā.
7.2
This is the sixth essential …
Iminā chaṭṭhena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
8.1
Furthermore, a citadel has a wall that’s high and wide, covered with plaster.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare pākāro hoti ucco ceva vitthato ca vāsanalepanasampanno ca.
8.2
This is the seventh essential with which a king’s frontier citadel is well provided, to defend those within and repel those outside.
Iminā sattamena nagaraparikkhārena suparikkhataṁ hoti rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
8.3
With these seven essentials a citadel is well provided.
Imehi sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṁ hoti.
9.1
What are the four kinds of sustenance it gets when needed, without trouble or difficulty?
Katamesaṁ catunnaṁ āhārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī?
9.2
Firstly, a king’s frontier citadel has much hay, wood, and water stored up for the enjoyment, relief, and comfort of those within and to repel those outside.
Idha, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ tiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
10.1
Furthermore, a king’s frontier citadel has much rice and barley stored up for those within.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ sāliyavakaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
11.1
Furthermore, a king’s frontier citadel has much food such as sesame, green gram, and black gram stored up for those within.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ tilamuggamāsāparaṇṇaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
12.1
Furthermore, a king’s frontier citadel has much medicine—
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ bhesajjaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti, seyyathidaṁ—
12.2
ghee, butter, oil, honey, molasses, and salt—stored up for the enjoyment, relief, and comfort of those within and to repel those outside.
sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ loṇaṁ abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
12.3
These are the four kinds of sustenance it gets when needed, without trouble or difficulty.
Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṁ āhārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
13.1
When a king’s frontier citadel is well provided with seven essentials and gets four kinds of sustenance when needed, without trouble or difficulty,
Yato kho, bhikkhave, rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ imehi sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṁ hoti, imesañca catunnaṁ āhārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
13.2
it is then called a king’s frontier citadel that cannot be overrun by external foes and enemies.
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, rañño paccantimaṁ nagaraṁ akaraṇīyaṁ bāhirehi paccatthikehi paccāmittehi.
13.3
In the same way, when a noble disciple has seven good qualities, and they get the four absorptions—blissful meditations in the present life that belong to the higher mind—when they want, without trouble or difficulty,
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yato ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, catunnañca jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
13.4
they are then called a noble disciple who cannot be overrun by Māra, who cannot be overrun by the Wicked One.
Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akaraṇīyo mārassa akaraṇīyo pāpimato.
13.5
What are the seven good qualities that they have?
Katamehi sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti?
14.1
Just as a king’s frontier citadel has a pillar with deep foundations, firmly embedded, imperturbable and unshakable, to defend those within and repel those outside,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare esikā hoti gambhīranemā sunikhātā acalā asampavedhī abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
14.2
in the same way a noble disciple has faith in the Realized One’s awakening:
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṁ
14.3
‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’
‘itipi so …pe… buddho bhagavā’ti.
14.4
A noble disciple with faith as their pillar gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Saddhesiko, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
14.5
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
14.6
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
14.7
This is the first good quality they have.
Iminā paṭhamena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
15.1
Just as a citadel has a moat that is deep and wide,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare parikkhā hoti gambhīrā ceva vitthatā ca abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
15.2
in the same way a noble disciple has a conscience. They’re conscientious about bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and conscientious about having any bad, unskillful qualities.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirīmā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā.
15.3
A noble disciple with a conscience as their moat gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Hirīparikkho kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
15.4
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
15.5
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
15.6
This is the second good quality they have.
Iminā dutiyena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
16.1
Just as a citadel has a patrol path that is high and wide,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare anupariyāyapatho hoti ucco ceva vitthato ca abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
16.2
in the same way a noble disciple is prudent. They’re prudent when it comes to bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and prudent when it comes to acquiring any bad, unskillful qualities.
Evamevaṁ, kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā.
16.3
A noble disciple with prudence as their patrol path gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Ottappapariyāyapatho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
16.4
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
16.5
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
16.6
This is the third good quality they have.
Iminā tatiyena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
17.1
Just as a citadel has stores of many weapons, both projectile and hand-held,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ āvudhaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti salākañceva jevanikañca abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
17.2
in the same way a noble disciple is very learned. They remember and keep what they’ve learned. These teachings are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased, describing a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. They are very learned in such teachings, remembering them, reciting them, mentally scrutinizing them, and comprehending them theoretically.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako bahussuto hoti …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā.
17.3
A noble disciple with learning as their weapon gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Sutāvudho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
17.4
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
17.5
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
17.6
This is the fourth good quality they have.
Iminā catutthena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
18.1
Just as many kinds of armed forces reside in a citadel …
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahubalakāyo paṭivasati, seyyathidaṁ—
18.2
hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā cammayodhino dāsakaputtā abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
18.3
in the same way a noble disciple is energetic. They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.
18.4
A noble disciple with energy as their armed forces gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Vīriyabalakāyo, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
18.5
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
18.6
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
18.7
This is the fifth good quality they have.
Iminā pañcamena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
19.1
Just as a citadel has a gatekeeper who is astute, competent, and intelligent, who keeps strangers out and lets known people in,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare dovāriko hoti paṇḍito byatto medhāvī aññātānaṁ nivāretā ñātānaṁ pavesetā abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
19.2
in the same way a noble disciple is mindful. They have utmost mindfulness and alertness, and can remember and recall what was said and done long ago.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā.
19.3
A noble disciple with mindfulness as their gatekeeper gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Satidovāriko, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
19.4
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
19.5
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
19.6
This is the sixth good quality they have.
Iminā chaṭṭhena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
20.1
Just as a citadel has a wall that’s high and wide, covered with plaster, to defend those within and repel those outside,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare pākāro hoti ucco ceva vitthato ca vāsanalepanasampanno ca abbhantarānaṁ guttiyā bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
20.2
in the same way a noble disciple is wise. They have the wisdom of arising and passing away which is noble, penetrative, and leads to the complete ending of suffering.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā.
20.3
A noble disciple with wisdom as their wall gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful,
Paññāvāsanalepanasampanno, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;
20.4
they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti;
20.5
and they keep themselves pure.
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
20.6
This is the seventh good quality they have.
Iminā sattamena saddhammena samannāgato hoti.
20.7
These are the seven good qualities that they have.
Imehi sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti.
21.1
And what are the four absorptions—blissful meditations in the present life that belong to the higher mind—that they get when they want, without trouble or difficulty?
Katamesaṁ catunnaṁ jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī?
21.2
Just as a king’s frontier citadel has much hay, wood, and water stored up for the enjoyment, relief, and comfort of those within and to repel those outside,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ tiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
21.3
in the same way a noble disciple, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vivicceva kāmehi …pe… paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati
21.4
This is for their own enjoyment, relief, and comfort, and for alighting upon extinguishment.
attano ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya okkamanāya nibbānassa.
22.1
Just as a king’s frontier citadel has much rice and barley stored up,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ sāliyavakaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
22.2
in the same way, as the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, a noble disciple enters and remains in the second absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of samādhi, with internal clarity and confidence, and unified mind, without placing the mind and keeping it connected.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati
22.3
This is for their own enjoyment, relief, and comfort, and for alighting upon extinguishment.
attano ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya okkamanāya nibbānassa.
23.1
Just as a king’s frontier citadel has much food such as sesame, green gram, and black gram stored up,
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ tilamuggamāsāparaṇṇaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
23.2
in the same way with the fading away of rapture, a noble disciple enters and remains in the third absorption, where they meditate with equanimity, mindful and aware, personally experiencing the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati
23.3
This is for their own enjoyment, relief, and comfort, and for alighting upon extinguishment.
attano ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya okkamanāya nibbānassa.
24.1
Just as a king’s frontier citadel has much medicine—
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño paccantime nagare bahuṁ bhesajjaṁ sannicitaṁ hoti, seyyathidaṁ—
24.2
ghee, butter, oil, honey, molasses, and salt—stored up for the enjoyment, relief, and comfort of those within and to repel those outside,
sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ loṇaṁ abbhantarānaṁ ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya bāhirānaṁ paṭighātāya.
24.3
in the same way, giving up pleasure and pain, and ending former happiness and sadness, a noble disciple enters and remains in the fourth absorption, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness.
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṁ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati
24.4
This is for their own enjoyment, relief, and comfort, and for alighting upon extinguishment.
attano ratiyā aparitassāya phāsuvihārāya okkamanāya nibbānassa.
24.5
These are the four absorptions—blissful meditations in the present life that belong to the higher mind—which they get when they want, without trouble or difficulty.
Imesaṁ catunnaṁ jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
25.1
When a noble disciple has seven good qualities, and they get the four absorptions—blissful meditations in the present life that belong to the higher mind�when they want, without trouble or difficulty,
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako imehi sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, imesañca catunnaṁ jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
25.2
they are then called a noble disciple who cannot be overrun by Māra, who cannot be overrun by the Wicked One.”
Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akaraṇīyo mārassa akaraṇīyo pāpimato”ti.
25.3
Tatiyaṁ.