AN 4 The Book of the Fours – Catukkanipāta > AN 4.198 Self-mortification

Numbered Discourses 4.198 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 4.198

20. The Great Chapter – 20. Mahāvagga

AN 4.198 Self-mortification – Attantapasutta

1.1

“Bhikkhū, these four people are found in the world.

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ.

1.2

What four?

Katame cattāro?

1.3

One person mortifies themselves, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

1.4

One person mortifies others, pursuing the practice of mortifying others.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

1.5

One person mortifies themselves and others, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves and others.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

1.6

One person neither mortifies themselves nor others, pursuing the practice of not mortifying themselves or others.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo nevattantapo hoti nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

1.7

They live without wishes in the present life, extinguished, cooled, experiencing bliss, having become holy in themselves.

So neva attantapo na parantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṁvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.

2.1

And how does one person mortify themselves, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves?

Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto?

2.2

It’s when someone goes naked, ignoring conventions. They lick their hands, and don’t come or wait when called. They don’t consent to food brought to them, or food prepared on purpose for them, or an invitation for a meal.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco acelako hoti muttācāro hatthāpalekhano naehibhaddantiko natiṭṭhabhaddantiko nābhihaṭaṁ na uddissakataṁ na nimantanaṁ sādiyati.

2.3

They don’t receive anything from a pot or bowl; or from someone who keeps sheep, or who has a weapon or a shovel in their home; or where a couple is eating; or where there is a woman who is pregnant, breastfeeding, or who has a man in her home; or where there’s a dog waiting or flies buzzing. They accept no fish or meat or liquor or wine, and drink no beer.

So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṁ na daṇḍamantaraṁ na musalamantaraṁ na dvinnaṁ bhuñjamānānaṁ na gabbhiniyā na pāyamānāya na purisantaragatāya na saṅkittīsu na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī na macchaṁ na maṁsaṁ na suraṁ na merayaṁ na thusodakaṁ pivati.

2.4

They go to just one house for alms, taking just one mouthful, or two houses and two mouthfuls, up to seven houses and seven mouthfuls.

So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko …pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko;

2.5

They feed on one saucer a day, two saucers a day, up to seven saucers a day.

ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti …pe… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti;

2.6

They eat once a day, once every second day, up to once a week, and so on, even up to once a fortnight. They live pursuing the practice of eating food at set intervals.

ekāhikampi āhāraṁ āhāreti dvāhikampi āhāraṁ āhāreti …pe… sattāhikampi āhāraṁ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṁ aḍḍhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.

3.1

They eat herbs, millet, wild rice, poor rice, water lettuce, rice bran, scum from boiling rice, sesame flour, grass, or cow dung. They survive on forest roots and fruits, or eating fallen fruit.

So sākabhakkhopi hoti sāmākabhakkhopi hoti nīvārabhakkhopi hoti daddulabhakkhopi hoti haṭabhakkhopi hoti kaṇabhakkhopi hoti ācāmabhakkhopi hoti piññākabhakkhopi hoti tiṇabhakkhopi hoti gomayabhakkhopi hoti; vanamūlaphalāhāropi yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī.

4.1

They wear robes of sunn hemp, mixed hemp, corpse-wrapping cloth, rags, lodh tree bark, antelope hide (whole or in strips), kusa grass, bark, wood-chips, human hair, horse-tail hair, or owls’ wings.

So sāṇānipi dhāreti masāṇānipi dhāreti chavadussānipi dhāreti paṁsukūlānipi dhāreti tirīṭānipi dhāreti ajinampi dhāreti ajinakkhipampi dhāreti kusacīrampi dhāreti vākacīrampi dhāreti phalakacīrampi dhāreti kesakambalampi dhāreti vāḷakambalampi dhāreti ulūkapakkhampi dhāreti;

4.2

They tear out hair and beard, pursuing this practice.

kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto;

4.3

They constantly stand, refusing seats.

ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti āsanappaṭikkhitto;

4.4

They squat, committed to the endeavor of squatting.

ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto;

4.5

They lie on a mat of thorns, making a mat of thorns their bed.

kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṁ kappeti;

4.6

They pursue the practice of samādhi in water three times a day, including the evening.

sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.

4.7

And so they live pursuing these various ways of mortifying and tormenting the body.

Iti evarūpaṁ anekavihitaṁ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.

4.8

That’s how one person mortifies themselves, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves.

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

5.1

And how does one person mortify others, pursuing the practice of mortifying others?

Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto?

5.2

It’s when a person is a slaughterer of sheep, pigs, poultry, or deer, a hunter or fisher, a bandit, an executioner, a butcher of cattle, a jailer, or has some other cruel livelihood.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo orabbhiko hoti sūkariko sākuṇiko māgaviko luddo macchaghātako coro coraghātako goghātako bandhanāgāriko, ye vā panaññepi keci kurūrakammantā.

5.3

That’s how one person mortifies others, pursuing the practice of mortifying others.

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

6.1

And how does one person mortify themselves and others, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves and others?

Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto?

6.2

It’s when a person is an anointed aristocratic king or a well-to-do brahmin.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo rājā vā hoti khattiyo muddhāvasitto, brāhmaṇo vā hoti mahāsālo.

6.3

He has a new temple built to the east of the city. He shaves off his hair and beard, dresses in a rough antelope hide, and smears his body with ghee and oil. Scratching his back with antlers, he enters the temple with his chief queen and the brahmin high priest.

So puratthimena nagarassa navaṁ santhāgāraṁ kārāpetvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kharājinaṁ nivāsetvā sappitelena kāyaṁ abbhañjitvā magavisāṇena piṭṭhiṁ kaṇḍuvamāno navaṁ santhāgāraṁ pavisati, saddhiṁ mahesiyā brāhmaṇena ca purohitena.

6.4

There he lies on the bare ground strewn with grass.

So tattha anantarahitāya bhūmiyā haritupalittāya seyyaṁ kappeti.

6.5

The king feeds on the milk from one teat of a cow that has a calf of the same color. The chief queen feeds on the milk from the second teat. The brahmin high priest feeds on the milk from the third teat. The milk from the fourth teat is served to the sacred flame. The calf feeds on the remainder.

Ekissāya gāviyā sarūpavacchāya yaṁ ekasmiṁ thane khīraṁ hoti tena rājā yāpeti; yaṁ dutiyasmiṁ thane khīraṁ hoti tena mahesī yāpeti; yaṁ tatiyasmiṁ thane khīraṁ hoti tena brāhmaṇo purohito yāpeti; yaṁ catutthasmiṁ thane khīraṁ hoti tena aggiṁ juhati; avasesena vacchako yāpeti.

6.6

He says:

So evamāha:

6.7

‘Slaughter this many bulls, bullocks, heifers, goats, rams, and horses for the sacrifice! Fell this many trees and reap this much grass for the sacrificial equipment!’

‘ettakā usabhā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatarā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatariyo haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā ajā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā urabbhā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā assā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā rukkhā chijjantu yūpatthāya, ettakā dabbhā lūyantu barihisatthāyā’ti.

6.8

His bondservants, workers, and staff do their jobs under threat of punishment and danger, weeping, with tearful faces.

Yepissa te honti dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā tepi daṇḍatajjitā bhayatajjitā assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni karonti.

6.9

That’s how one person mortifies themselves and others, pursuing the practice of mortifying themselves and others.

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

7.1

And how does one person neither mortify themselves nor others, pursuing the practice of not mortifying themselves or others,

Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo nevattantapo hoti nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto?

7.2

living without wishes in the present life, extinguished, cooled, experiencing bliss, having become holy in themselves?

So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṁvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.

7.3

It’s when a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.

Idha, bhikkhave, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā.

7.4

He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.

So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti.

7.5

He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.

So dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti.

7.6

A householder hears that teaching, or a householder’s child, or someone reborn in some good family.

Taṁ dhammaṁ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṁ vā kule paccājāto.

7.7

They gain faith in the Realized One,

So taṁ dhammaṁ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṁ paṭilabhati.

7.8

and reflect:

So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati:

7.9

‘Living in a house is cramped and dirty, but the life of one gone forth is wide open.

‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā;

7.10

It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell.

nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ;

7.11

Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’

yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti.

7.12

After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

So aparena samayena appaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya, mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya, appaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya, mahantaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya, kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati.

8.1

Once they’ve gone forth, they take up the training and livelihood of the bhikkhū. They give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of compassion for all living beings.

So evaṁ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.

8.2

They give up stealing. They take only what’s given, and expect only what’s given. They keep themselves clean by not thieving.

Adinnādānaṁ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati.

8.3

They give up unchastity. They are celibate, set apart, avoiding the common practice of sex.

Abrahmacariyaṁ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārācārī virato asaddhammā gāmadhammā.

8.4

They give up lying. They speak the truth and stick to the truth. They’re honest and trustworthy, and don’t trick the world with their words.

Musāvādaṁ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṁvādako lokassa.

8.5

They give up divisive speech. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided, supporting unity, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.

Pisuṇaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, na ito sutvā amutra akkhātā imesaṁ bhedāya, na amutra vā sutvā imesaṁ akkhātā amūsaṁ bhedāya; iti bhinnānaṁ vā sandhātā, sahitānaṁ vā anuppadātā, samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā hoti.

8.6

They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, lovely, going to the heart, polite, likable, and agreeable to the people.

Pharusaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā hoti.

8.7

They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.

Samphappalāpaṁ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī; nidhānavatiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā hoti kālena sāpadesaṁ pariyantavatiṁ atthasaṁhitaṁ.

9.1

They refrain from injuring plants and seeds.

So bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti.

9.2

They eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.

Ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā.

9.3

They refrain from dancing, singing, music, and seeing shows.

Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti.

9.4

They refrain from beautifying and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.

Mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti.

9.5

They refrain from high and luxurious beds.

Uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti.

9.6

They refrain from receiving gold and money,

Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.7

raw grains,

Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.8

raw meat,

Āmakamaṁsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.9

women and girls,

Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.10

male and female bondservants,

Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.11

goats and sheep,

Ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.12

chickens and pigs,

Kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.13

elephants, cows, horses, and mares,

Hatthigavāssavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.14

and fields and land.

Khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.

9.15

They refrain from running errands and messages;

Dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato hoti.

9.16

buying and selling;

Kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti.

9.17

falsifying weights, metals, or measures;

Tulākūṭakaṁsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti.

9.18

bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;

Ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato hoti.

9.19

mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.

Chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato hoti.

10.1

They’re content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever they go, they set out taking only these things.

So santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati.

10.2

They’re like a bird: wherever it flies, wings are its only burden.

Seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti, sapattabhārova ḍeti;

10.3

In the same way, a bhikkhu is content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever they go, they set out taking only these things.

evamevaṁ bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati, samādāyeva pakkamati.

10.4

When they have this entire spectrum of noble ethics, they experience a blameless happiness inside themselves.

So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṁ anavajjasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti.

11.1

Seeing a sight with the eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.

So cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī.

11.2

If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it.

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.

11.3

Hearing a sound with the ears …

Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …

11.4

Smelling an odor with the nose …

ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …

11.5

Tasting a flavor with the tongue …

jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …

11.6

Feeling a touch with the body …

kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …

11.7

Knowing a thought with the mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.

manasā dhammaṁ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī.

11.8

If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it.

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.

11.9

When they have this noble sense restraint, they experience an unsullied bliss inside themselves.

So iminā ariyena indriyasaṁvarena samannāgato ajjhattaṁ abyāsekasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti.

12.1

They act with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.

So abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

13.1

When they have this noble spectrum of ethics, this noble sense restraint, and this noble mindfulness and situational awareness,

So iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṁvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato

13.2

they frequent a secluded lodging—a wilderness, the root of a tree, a hill, a ravine, a mountain cave, a charnel ground, a forest, the open air, a heap of straw.

vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ bhajati araññaṁ rukkhamūlaṁ pabbataṁ kandaraṁ giriguhaṁ susānaṁ vanappatthaṁ abbhokāsaṁ palālapuñjaṁ.

13.3

After the meal, they return from almsround, sit down cross-legged with their body straight, and establish mindfulness right there.

So pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.

13.4

Giving up desire for the world, they meditate with a heart rid of desire, cleansing the mind of desire.

So abhijjhaṁ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṁ parisodheti.

13.5

Giving up ill will and malevolence, they meditate with a mind rid of ill will, full of compassion for all living beings, cleansing the mind of ill will.

Byāpādapadosaṁ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī, byāpādapadosā cittaṁ parisodheti.

13.6

Giving up dullness and drowsiness, they meditate with a mind rid of dullness and drowsiness, perceiving light, mindful and aware, cleansing the mind of dullness and drowsiness.

Thinamiddhaṁ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṁ parisodheti.

13.7

Giving up restlessness and remorse, they meditate without restlessness, their mind peaceful inside, cleansing the mind of restlessness and remorse.

Uddhaccakukkuccaṁ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṁ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṁ parisodheti.

13.8

Giving up doubt, they meditate having gone beyond doubt, not undecided about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind of doubt.

Vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti.

13.9

They give up these five hindrances, corruptions of the heart that weaken wisdom.

So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe

13.10

Then, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first absorption … second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption.

vivicceva kāmehi …pe… catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

14.1

When their mind has become immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—they extend it toward recollection of past lives …

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya …pe…

14.2

knowledge of the death and rebirth of sentient beings …

sattānaṁ cutūpapātañāṇāya …pe…

14.3

knowledge of the ending of defilements.

āsavānaṁ khayañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmeti.

14.4

They truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’.

So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

14.5

They truly understand: ‘These are defilements’ … ‘This is the origin of defilements’ … ‘This is the cessation of defilements’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of defilements’.

‘Ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

15.1

Knowing and seeing like this, their mind is freed from the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.

Tassa evaṁ jānato evaṁ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati;

15.2

When they’re freed, they know they’re freed.

vimuttasmiṁ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṁ hoti.

15.3

They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is no return to any state of existence.’

‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.

15.4

That’s how one person neither mortifies themselves nor others, pursuing the practice of not mortifying themselves or others,

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo nevattantapo hoti nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.

15.5

living without wishes in the present life, extinguished, cooled, experiencing bliss, having become holy in themselves.

So na attantapo na parantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṁvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.

15.6

These are the four people found in the world.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.

15.7

Aṭṭhamaṁ.