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Numbered Discourses 3.60 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 3.60
6. Brahmins – 6. Brāhmaṇavagga
AN 3.60 With Saṅgārava – Saṅgāravasutta
1.1
Then Saṅgārava the brahmin went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.
Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.
1.2
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:
Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
1.3
“Master Gotama, we who are called brahmins
“mayamassu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā nāma.
1.4
make sacrifices and encourage others to make sacrifices.
Yaññaṁ yajāmapi yajāpemapi.
1.5
Now, Master Gotama, both of these people—the one who sacrifices and the one who encourages others to sacrifice—are doing good for many people on account of that sacrifice.
Tatra, bho gotama, yo ceva yajati yo ca yajāpeti sabbe te anekasārīrikaṁ puññappaṭipadaṁ paṭipannā honti, yadidaṁ yaññādhikaraṇaṁ.
1.6
But, Master Gotama, when someone has gone forth from the lay life to homelessness, they tame, calm, and extinguish themselves alone. That being so, they are doing good for just one person on account of that going forth.”
Yo panāyaṁ, bho gotama, yassa vā tassa vā kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito ekamattānaṁ dameti, ekamattānaṁ sameti, ekamattānaṁ parinibbāpeti, evamassāyaṁ ekasārīrikaṁ puññappaṭipadaṁ paṭipanno hoti, yadidaṁ pabbajjādhikaraṇan”ti.
2.1
“Well then, brahmin, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like.
“Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṁ byākareyyāsi.
2.2
What do you think, brahmin?
Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, brāhmaṇa,
2.3
A Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.
idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā.
2.4
He says,
So evamāha:
2.5
‘Come, this is the path, this is the practice. Practicing like this, I realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual life with my own insight, and I make it known.
‘ethāyaṁ maggo ayaṁ paṭipadā yathāpaṭipanno ahaṁ anuttaraṁ brahmacariyogadhaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedemi;
2.6
Please, all of you, practice like this, and you too will realize the supreme culmination of the spiritual life, and will live having realized it with your own insight.’
etha, tumhepi tathā paṭipajjatha, yathāpaṭipannā tumhepi anuttaraṁ brahmacariyogadhaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissathā’ti.
2.7
So the teacher teaches Dhamma, and others practice accordingly, in their hundreds and thousands, and hundreds of thousands.
Iti ayañceva satthā dhammaṁ deseti, pare ca tathatthāya paṭipajjanti, tāni kho pana honti anekānipi satāni anekānipi sahassāni anekānipi satasahassāni.
3.1
What do you think, brahmin?
Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, brāhmaṇa,
3.2
This being so, are they doing good for just one person or for many people on account of going forth?”
iccāyaṁ evaṁ sante ekasārīrikā vā puññappaṭipadā hoti anekasārīrikā vā, yadidaṁ pabbajjādhikaraṇan”ti?
3.3
“This being so, Master Gotama, they are doing good for many people on account of going forth.”
“Iccāyampi, bho gotama, evaṁ sante anekasārīrikā puññappaṭipadā hoti, yadidaṁ pabbajjādhikaraṇan”ti.
4.1
When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:
4.2
“Brahmin, which of these two practices do you believe has fewer requirements and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”
“imāsaṁ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṁ paṭipadānaṁ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti?
4.3
Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,
Evaṁ vutte, saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:
4.4
“Those such as the masters Gotama and Ānanda
“seyyathāpi bhavaṁ gotamo bhavaṁ cānando.
4.5
are honored and praised by me!”
Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṁsā”ti.
5.1
For a second time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,
Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:
5.2
“Brahmin, I didn’t ask you
“na kho tyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, evaṁ pucchāmi:
5.3
who you honor and praise.
‘ke vā te pujjā ke vā te pāsaṁsā’ti?
5.4
I asked you
Evaṁ kho tyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, pucchāmi:
5.5
which of these two practices do you believe has fewer requirements and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”
‘imāsaṁ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṁ paṭipadānaṁ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’”ti?
5.6
For a second time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,
Dutiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:
5.7
“Those such as the masters Gotama and Ānanda
“seyyathāpi bhavaṁ gotamo bhavaṁ cānando.
5.8
are honored and praised by me!”
Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṁsā”ti.
6.1
For a third time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,
Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:
6.2
“Brahmin, I didn’t ask you
“na kho tyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, evaṁ pucchāmi:
6.3
who you honor and praise.
‘ke vā te pujjā ke vā te pāsaṁsā’ti?
6.4
I asked you
Evaṁ kho tyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, pucchāmi:
6.5
which of these two practices do you believe has fewer requirements and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”
‘imāsaṁ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṁ paṭipadānaṁ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’”ti?
6.6
For a third time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,
Tatiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:
6.7
“Those such as the masters Gotama and Ānanda
“seyyathāpi bhavaṁ gotamo bhavaṁ cānando.
6.8
are honored and praised by me!”
Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṁsā”ti.
7.1
Then it occurred to the Buddha,
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi:
7.2
“Though Ānanda asked him a sensible question three times, Saṅgārava falters without answering.
“yāva tatiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo ānandena sahadhammikaṁ pañhaṁ puṭṭho saṁsādeti no vissajjeti.
7.3
Why don’t I give him a way out?”
Yannūnāhaṁ parimoceyyan”ti.
7.4
So the Buddha said to Saṅgārava,
Atha kho bhagavā saṅgāravaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:
7.5
“Brahmin, what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, sitting together in the royal compound?”
“kā nvajja, brāhmaṇa, rājantepure rājapurisānaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ antarākathā udapādī”ti?
7.6
“Master Gotama, this came up:
“Ayaṁ khvajja, bho gotama, rājantepure rājapurisānaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ antarākathā udapādi:
7.7
‘Formerly, it seems, there were fewer bhikkhū, but more of them displayed superhuman demonstrations of psychic power;
‘pubbe sudaṁ appatarā ceva bhikkhū ahesuṁ bahutarā ca uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ dassesuṁ;
7.8
while these days, there are more bhikkhū, but fewer display superhuman demonstrations of psychic power.’
etarahi pana bahutarā ceva bhikkhū appatarā ca uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ dassentī’ti.
7.9
This is what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, while sitting together in the royal compound.”
Ayaṁ khvajja, bho gotama, rājantepure rājapurisānaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ antarākathā udapādī”ti.
8.1
“Brahmin, there are three kinds of demonstration.
“Tīṇi kho imāni, brāhmaṇa, pāṭihāriyāni.
8.2
What three?
Katamāni tīṇi?
8.3
A demonstration of psychic power, a demonstration of revealing, and a demonstration of instruction.
Iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ.
8.4
And what is the demonstration of psychic power?
Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ?
8.5
It’s when someone wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; appearing and disappearing; going unimpeded through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful. They control the body as far as the Brahmā realm.
Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti: ‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṁ, tirobhāvaṁ; tirokuṭṭaṁ tiropākāraṁ tiropabbataṁ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṁ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṁ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṁmahiddhike evaṁmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati parimajjati, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti’.
8.6
This is called the demonstration of psychic power.
Idaṁ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ.
9.1
And what is the demonstration of revealing?
Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ?
9.2
In one case, someone reveals by means of a sign:
Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco nimittena ādisati:
9.3
‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’
‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti.
9.4
And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.
So bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
10.1
In another case, someone reveals after hearing it from humans or non-humans or deities:
Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, api ca kho manussānaṁ vā amanussānaṁ vā devatānaṁ vā saddaṁ sutvā ādisati:
10.2
‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’
‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti.
10.3
And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.
So bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
11.1
In another case, someone reveals by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers:
Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati napi manussānaṁ vā amanussānaṁ vā devatānaṁ vā saddaṁ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṁ sutvā ādisati:
11.2
‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’
‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti.
11.3
And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.
So bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
12.1
In another case, someone comprehends the mind of a person who has attained the samādhi that’s free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. They understand:
Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, napi manussānaṁ vā amanussānaṁ vā devatānaṁ vā saddaṁ sutvā ādisati, napi vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṁ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhiṁ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti:
12.2
‘Judging by the way this person’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state, they’ll think this thought.’
‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amuṁ nāma vitakkaṁ vitakkessatī’ti.
12.3
And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.
So bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
12.4
This is called the demonstration of revealing.
Idaṁ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ.
13.1
And what is a demonstration of instruction?
Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ?
13.2
It’s when someone instructs others like this:
Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco evamanusāsati:
13.3
‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’
‘evaṁ vitakketha, mā evaṁ vitakkayittha; evaṁ manasi karotha, mā evaṁ manasākattha; idaṁ pajahatha, idaṁ upasampajja viharathā’ti.
13.4
This is called a demonstration of instruction.
Idaṁ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ.
13.5
These are the three kinds of demonstration.
Imāni kho, brāhmaṇa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni.
13.6
Of these three kinds of demonstration, which do you consider to be the finest?”
Imesaṁ te, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṁ pāṭihāriyānaṁ katamaṁ pāṭihāriyaṁ khamati abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañcā”ti?
14.1
“Regarding this, Master Gotama, a demonstration of psychic power
“Tatra, bho gotama, yadidaṁ pāṭihāriyaṁ idhekacco anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti …pe…
14.2
yāva brāhmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti,
14.3
is experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.
idaṁ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ yova naṁ karoti sova naṁ paṭisaṁvedeti, yova naṁ karoti tasseva taṁ hoti.
14.4
This seems to me like a magic trick.
Idaṁ me, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ māyāsahadhammarūpaṁ viya khāyati.
15.1
And the demonstration where someone reveals something by means of a sign,
Yampidaṁ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ idhekacco nimittena ādisati:
15.2
‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti, so bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
15.3
or after hearing it from humans, non-humans, or deities,
Idha pana, bho gotama, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, api ca kho manussānaṁ vā amanussānaṁ vā devatānaṁ vā saddaṁ sutvā ādisati …pe…
15.4
or by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers,
napi manussānaṁ vā amanussānaṁ vā devatānaṁ vā saddaṁ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṁ sutvā ādisati …pe…
15.5
or by comprehending the mind of another person,
napi vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṁ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhiṁ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti:
15.6
‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amhaṁ nāma vitakkaṁ vitakkessatī’ti, so bahuñcepi ādisati tatheva taṁ hoti, no aññathā.
15.7
is also experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.
Idampi, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ yova naṁ karoti sova naṁ paṭisaṁvedeti, yova naṁ karoti tasseva taṁ hoti.
15.8
This also seems to me like a magic trick.
Idampi me, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ māyāsahadhammarūpaṁ viya khāyati.
16.1
But as to the demonstration where someone instructs others:
Yañca kho idaṁ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ idhekacco evaṁ anusāsati:
16.2
‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’
‘evaṁ vitakketha, mā evaṁ vitakkayittha; evaṁ manasi karotha, mā evaṁ manasākattha; idaṁ pajahatha, idaṁ upasampajja viharathā’ti.
16.3
I prefer this demonstration, Master Gotama. It’s the finest of the three kinds of demonstration.
Idameva, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṁ khamati imesaṁ tiṇṇaṁ pāṭihāriyānaṁ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
17.1
It’s incredible, Master Gotama, it’s amazing,
Acchariyaṁ, bho gotama, abbhutaṁ, bho gotama.
17.2
how well this was said by Master Gotama. We regard Master Gotama as someone who possesses these three kinds of demonstration.
Yāvasubhāsitamidaṁ bhotā gotamena imehi ca mayaṁ tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgataṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dhārema.
17.3
For Master Gotama wields the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the Brahmā realm.
Bhavañhi gotamo anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti,
17.4
And Master Gotama comprehends the mind of another person who has attained the samādhi that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. He understands:
bhavañhi gotamo avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhiṁ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti:
17.5
‘Judging by the way this person’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’
‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amuṁ nāma vitakkaṁ vitakkessatī’ti.
17.6
And Master Gotama instructs others like this:
Bhavañhi gotamo evamanusāsati:
17.7
‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”
‘evaṁ vitakketha, mā evaṁ vitakkayittha; evaṁ manasi karotha, mā evaṁ manasākattha; idaṁ pajahatha, idaṁ upasampajja viharathā’”ti.
18.1
“Your words are clearly invasive and intrusive, brahmin.
“Addhā kho tyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, āsajja upanīya vācā bhāsitā;
18.2
Nevertheless, I will answer you.
api ca tyāhaṁ byākarissāmi.
18.3
For I do wield the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the Brahmā realm.
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhomi …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vattemi.
18.4
And I do comprehend the mind of another person who has attained the samādhi that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. I understand:
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhiṁ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi:
18.5
‘Judging by the way this person’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’
‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā, imassa cittassa anantarā amuṁ nāma vitakkaṁ vitakkessatī’ti.
18.6
And I do instruct others like this:
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, evamanusāsāmi:
18.7
‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”
‘evaṁ vitakketha, mā evaṁ vitakkayittha; evaṁ manasi karotha, mā evaṁ manasākattha; idaṁ pajahatha, idaṁ upasampajja viharathā’”ti.
19.1
“But Master Gotama, is there even one other bhikkhu who possesses these three kinds of demonstration, apart from Master Gotama?”
“Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño ekabhikkhupi yo imehi tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgato, aññatra bhotā gotamenā”ti?
19.2
“There’s not just one hundred bhikkhū, brahmin, who possess these three kinds of demonstration, nor two, three, four, or five hundred, but many more than that.”
“Na kho, brāhmaṇa, ekaṁyeva sataṁ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova, ye bhikkhū imehi tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgatā”ti.
19.3
“But where are these bhikkhū now staying?”
“Kahaṁ pana, bho gotama, etarahi te bhikkhū viharantī”ti?
19.4
“Right here, brahmin, in this Saṅgha of bhikkhū.”
“Imasmiṁyeva kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhusaṅghe”ti.
20.1
“Excellent, Master Gotama! Excellent!
“Abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama.
20.2
As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with good eyes can see what’s there, Master Gotama has made the teaching clear in many ways.
Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.
20.3
I go for refuge to Master Gotama, to the teaching, and to the bhikkhu Saṅgha.
Esāhaṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi, dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.
20.4
From this day forth, may Master Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”
Upāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.
20.5
Dasamaṁ.
20.6
Brāhmaṇavaggo paṭhamo.
21.0
Tassuddānaṁ
21.1
Dve brāhmaṇā caññataro,
21.2
paribbājakena nibbutaṁ;
21.3
Palokavaccho tikaṇṇo,
21.4
soṇi saṅgāravena cāti.