AN 2 The Book of the Twos – Dukanipāta > AN 2.1–10 1. Faults

Numbered Discourses 2.1–10 – Aṅguttara Nikāya 2

1. Punishments – 1. Kammakaraṇavagga

AN 2.1–10 1. Faults – 1. Vajjasutta

1.1

So I have heard.

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—

1.2

At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.

ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

1.3

There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhū,

Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

1.4

“Bhikkhū!”

“bhikkhavo”ti.

1.5

“Venerable sir,” they replied.

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.

1.6

The Buddha said this:

Bhagavā etadavoca:

2.1

“There are, bhikkhū, these two faults.

“Dvemāni, bhikkhave, vajjāni.

2.2

What two?

Katamāni dve?

2.3

The fault apparent in the present life, and the fault to do with lives to come.

Diṭṭhadhammikañca vajjaṁ samparāyikañca vajjaṁ.

2.4

What is the fault apparent in the present life?

Katamañca, bhikkhave, diṭṭhadhammikaṁ vajjaṁ?

2.5

It’s when someone sees that kings have arrested a bandit, a criminal, and subjected them to various punishments—

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco passati coraṁ āgucāriṁ rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārente;

2.6

whipping, caning, and clubbing; cutting off hands or feet, or both; cutting off ears or nose, or both; the ‘porridge pot’, the ‘shell-shave’, the ‘demon’s mouth’, the ‘garland of fire’, the ‘burning hand’, the ‘grass blades’, the ‘bark dress’, the ‘antelope’, the ‘meat hook’, the ‘coins’, the ‘caustic pickle’, the ‘twisting bar’, the ‘straw mat’; being splashed with hot oil, being fed to the dogs, being impaled alive, and being beheaded.

kasāhipi tāḷente, vettehipi tāḷente, addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷente, hatthampi chindante, pādampi chindante, hatthapādampi chindante, kaṇṇampi chindante, nāsampi chindante, kaṇṇanāsampi chindante, bilaṅgathālikampi karonte, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonte, rāhumukhampi karonte, jotimālikampi karonte, hatthapajjotikampi karonte, erakavattikampi karonte, cīrakavāsikampi karonte, eṇeyyakampi karonte, baḷisamaṁsikampi karonte, kahāpaṇikampi karonte, khārāpatacchikampi karonte, palighaparivattikampi karonte, palālapīṭhakampi karonte, tattenapi telena osiñcante, sunakhehipi khādāpente, jīvantampi sūle uttāsente, asināpi sīsaṁ chindante.

3.1

It occurs to them:

Tassa evaṁ hoti:

3.2

‘If I were to commit the kinds of bad deeds for which the kings arrested that bandit, that criminal,

‘yathārūpānaṁ kho pāpakānaṁ kammānaṁ hetu coraṁ āgucāriṁ rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti;

3.3

kasāhipi tāḷenti, vettehipi tāḷenti, addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷenti, hatthampi chindanti, pādampi chindanti, hatthapādampi chindanti, kaṇṇampi chindanti, nāsampi chindanti, kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti, bilaṅgathālikampi karonti, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonti, rāhumukhampi karonti, jotimālikampi karonti, hatthapajjotikampi karonti, erakavattikampi karonti, cīrakavāsikampi karonti, eṇeyyakampi karonti, baḷisamaṁsikampi karonti, kahāpaṇikampi karonti, khārāpatacchikampi karonti, palighaparivattikampi karonti, palālapīṭhakampi karonti, tattenapi telena osiñcanti, sunakhehipi khādāpenti, jīvantampi sūle uttāsenti, asināpi sīsaṁ chindanti.

3.4

the rulers would arrest me and subject me to the same punishments.

Ahañceva kho pana evarūpaṁ pāpakammaṁ kareyyaṁ, mampi rājāno gahetvā evarūpā vividhā kammakāraṇā kāreyyuṁ;

3.5

kasāhipi tāḷeyyuṁ …pe… asināpi sīsaṁ chindeyyun’ti.

3.6

Afraid of the fault apparent in the present life, they do not steal the belongings of others.

So diṭṭhadhammikassa vajjassa bhīto na paresaṁ pābhataṁ vilumpanto carati.

3.7

This is called the fault apparent in the present life.

Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, diṭṭhadhammikaṁ vajjaṁ.

4.1

What is the fault to do with lives to come?

Katamañca, bhikkhave, samparāyikaṁ vajjaṁ?

4.2

It’s when someone reflects:

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco iti paṭisañcikkhati:

4.3

‘Bad conduct of body, speech, or mind has a bad, painful result in the next life.

‘kāyaduccaritassa kho pana pāpako dukkho vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ, vacīduccaritassa pāpako dukkho vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ, manoduccaritassa pāpako dukkho vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ.

4.4

If I conduct myself badly,

Ahañceva kho pana kāyena duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, vācāya duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, manasā duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ.

4.5

then, when my body breaks up, after death, won’t I be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell?’

Kiñca taṁ yāhaṁ na kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyyan’ti.

4.6

Afraid of the fault to do with lives to come, they give up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develop good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, keeping themselves pure.

So samparāyikassa vajjassa bhīto kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya kāyasucaritaṁ bhāveti, vacīduccaritaṁ pahāya vacīsucaritaṁ bhāveti, manoduccaritaṁ pahāya manosucaritaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.

4.7

This is called the fault to do with lives to come.

Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, samparāyikaṁ vajjaṁ.

4.8

These are the two faults.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, dve vajjāni.

4.9

So you should train like this:

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:

4.10

‘We will fear the fault apparent in the present life, and we will fear the fault to do with lives to come. We will fear faults, seeing the danger in faults.’

‘diṭṭhadhammikassa vajjassa bhāyissāma, samparāyikassa vajjassa bhāyissāma, vajjabhīruno bhavissāma vajjabhayadassāvino’ti.

4.11

That’s how you should train.

Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṁ.

4.12

If you fear faults, seeing the danger in faults, you can expect to be freed from all faults.”

Vajjabhīruno, bhikkhave, vajjabhayadassāvino etaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ yaṁ parimuccissati sabbavajjehī”ti.

4.13

Paṭhamaṁ.

2. Endeavor

2. Padhānasutta

1.1

“These two endeavors are challenging in the world.

“Dvemāni, bhikkhave, padhānāni durabhisambhavāni lokasmiṁ.

1.2

What two?

Katamāni dve?

1.3

The endeavor of laypeople staying in a home to provide robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And the endeavor of those gone forth from the lay life to homelessness to let go of all attachments.

Yañca gihīnaṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasataṁ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānatthaṁ padhānaṁ, yañca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitānaṁ sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggatthaṁ padhānaṁ.

1.4

These are the two endeavors that are challenging in the world.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, dve padhānāni durabhisambhavāni lokasmiṁ.

2.1

The better of these two endeavors is the effort to let go of all attachments.

Etadaggaṁ, bhikkhave, imesaṁ dvinnaṁ padhānānaṁ yadidaṁ sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggatthaṁ padhānaṁ.

2.2

So you should train like this:

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:

2.3

‘We shall endeavor to let go of all attachments.’

‘sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggatthaṁ padhānaṁ padahissāmā’ti.

2.4

That’s how you should train.”

Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti.

2.5

Dutiyaṁ.

3. Mortifying

3. Tapanīyasutta

1.1

“These two things, bhikkhū, are mortifying.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā tapanīyā.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

It’s when someone has done bad things and not done good things, by way of body, speech, and mind.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa kāyaduccaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti kāyasucaritaṁ;

1.4

vacīduccaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti vacīsucaritaṁ;

1.5

manoduccaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti manosucaritaṁ.

1.6

Thinking, ‘I’ve done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified.

So ‘kāyaduccaritaṁ me katan’ti tappati, ‘akataṁ me kāyasucaritan’ti tappati;

1.7

‘vacīduccaritaṁ me katan’ti tappati, ‘akataṁ me vacīsucaritan’ti tappati;

1.8

‘manoduccaritaṁ me katan’ti tappati, ‘akataṁ me manosucaritan’ti tappati.

1.9

These are the two things that are mortifying.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā tapanīyā”ti.

1.10

Tatiyaṁ.

4. Not Mortifying

4. Atapanīyasutta

1.1

“These two things, bhikkhū, are not mortifying.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā atapanīyā.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

It’s when someone has done good things and not done bad things, by way of body, speech, and mind.

Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa kāyasucaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti kāyaduccaritaṁ;

1.4

vacīsucaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti vacīduccaritaṁ;

1.5

manosucaritaṁ kataṁ hoti, akataṁ hoti manoduccaritaṁ.

1.6

Thinking, ‘I’ve done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified.

So ‘kāyasucaritaṁ me katan’ti na tappati, ‘akataṁ me kāyaduccaritan’ti na tappati;

1.7

‘vacīsucaritaṁ me katan’ti na tappati, ‘akataṁ me vacīduccaritan’ti na tappati;

1.8

‘manosucaritaṁ me katan’ti na tappati, ‘akataṁ me manoduccaritan’ti na tappati.

1.9

These are the two things that are not mortifying.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā atapanīyā”ti.

1.10

Catutthaṁ.

5. Learned for Myself

5. Upaññātasutta

1.1

“Bhikkhū, I have learned these two things for myself—

“Dvinnāhaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ upaññāsiṁ—

1.2

to never be content with skillful qualities, and to never stop trying.

yā ca asantuṭṭhitā kusalesu dhammesu, yā ca appaṭivānitā padhānasmiṁ.

1.3

I never stopped trying, thinking:

Appaṭivānī sudāhaṁ, bhikkhave, padahāmi:

1.4

‘Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.’

‘kāmaṁ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu, sarīre upassussatu maṁsalohitaṁ, yaṁ taṁ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṁ na taṁ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṁ bhavissatī’ti.

1.5

It was by diligence that I achieved awakening, and by diligence that I achieved the supreme sanctuary.

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, appamādādhigatā sambodhi, appamādādhigato anuttaro yogakkhemo.

1.6

If you too never stop trying, thinking:

Tumhe cepi, bhikkhave, appaṭivānaṁ padaheyyātha:

1.7

1.8

You will soon realize the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. You will live having achieved with your own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissatha.

1.9

So you should train like this:

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:

1.10

‘We will never stop trying, thinking:

‘appaṭivānaṁ padahissāma.

1.11

“Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.”’

Kāmaṁ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu, sarīre upassussatu maṁsalohitaṁ, yaṁ taṁ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṁ na taṁ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṁ bhavissatī’ti.

1.12

That’s how you should train.”

Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti.

1.13

Pañcamaṁ.

6. Fetters

6. Saṁyojanasutta

1.1

“There are, bhikkhū, these two things.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

Seeing things that are prone to being fettered as gratifying, and seeing things that are prone to being fettered as boring.

Yā ca saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu assādānupassitā, yā ca saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu nibbidānupassitā.

1.4

When you keep seeing things that are prone to being fettered as gratifying, you don’t give up greed, hate, and delusion.

Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassī viharanto rāgaṁ na pajahati, dosaṁ na pajahati, mohaṁ na pajahati.

1.5

When these are not given up, you’re not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.

Rāgaṁ appahāya, dosaṁ appahāya, mohaṁ appahāya na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi.

1.6

You’re not freed from suffering, I say.

Na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.

2.1

When you keep seeing things that are prone to being fettered as boring, you give up greed, hate, and delusion.

Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu nibbidānupassī viharanto rāgaṁ pajahati, dosaṁ pajahati, mohaṁ pajahati.

2.2

When these are given up, you’re freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.

Rāgaṁ pahāya, dosaṁ pahāya, mohaṁ pahāya, parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi.

2.3

You’re freed from suffering, I say.

Parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.

2.4

These are the two things.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā”ti.

2.5

Chaṭṭhaṁ.

7. Dark

7. Kaṇhasutta

1.1

“These two things, bhikkhū, are dark.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā kaṇhā.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

Lack of conscience and prudence.

Ahirikañca anottappañca.

1.4

These are the two things that are dark.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā kaṇhā”ti.

1.5

Sattamaṁ.

8. Bright

8. Sukkasutta

1.1

“These two things, bhikkhū, are bright.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sukkā.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

Conscience and prudence.

Hirī ca ottappañca.

1.4

These are the two things that are bright.”

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā sukkā”ti.

1.5

Aṭṭhamaṁ.

9. Conduct

9. Cariyasutta

1.1

“These two bright things, bhikkhū, protect the world.

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sukkā lokaṁ pālenti.

1.2

What two?

Katame dve?

1.3

Conscience and prudence.

Hirī ca ottappañca.

1.4

If these two bright things did not protect the world, there would be no recognition of the status of mother, aunts, or wives and partners of teachers and respected people.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve sukkā dhammā lokaṁ na pāleyyuṁ, nayidha paññāyetha mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṁ dārāti vā.

1.5

The world would become promiscuous, like goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and dogs and jackals.

Sambhedaṁ loko agamissa, yathā ajeḷakā kukkuṭasūkarā soṇasiṅgālā.

1.6

But because the two bright things protect the world, there is recognition of the status of mother, aunts, and wives and partners of teachers and respected people.”

Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, ime dve sukkā dhammā lokaṁ pālenti tasmā paññāyati mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṁ dārāti vā”ti.

1.7

Navamaṁ.

10. Entering the Rainy Season

10. Vassūpanāyikasutta

1.1

“There are, bhikkhū, these two entries to the rainy season.

“Dvemā, bhikkhave, vassūpanāyikā.

1.2

What two?

Katamā dve?

1.3

Earlier and later.

Purimikā ca pacchimikā ca.

1.4

These are the two entries to the rainy season.”

Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve vassūpanāyikā”ti.

1.5

Dasamaṁ.

1.6

Kammakaraṇavaggo paṭhamo.

2.0

Tassuddānaṁ

2.1

Vajjā padhānā dve tapanīyā,

2.2

Upaññātena pañcamaṁ;

2.3

Saṁyojanañca kaṇhañca,

2.4

Sukkaṁ cariyā vassūpanāyikena vaggo.